面对托福阅读题，是需要讲究应对策略的，长春环球教育闫娜老师现在来为大家解析一下。

　　问法：

　　1.The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to

　　2.Why does the author mention X?

　　3.Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph?

　　4.What is the main purpose of paragraph X?

　　题型分类：

　　1.考查某个单词，句子或例子的作用

　　2.段落结构

　　3.段落目的

　　一、举例证明

　　考察的词汇或内容所在的句子中包括 for example/ for instance/ such as/(…)

　　答案多在举例前紧挨的一句话，若不确定，选择最靠近主题句的选项。

　　In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability-just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child's tricycle.)

　　In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that "(A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child's tricycle)"?

　　A. To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example

　　B. To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations

　　C. To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity

　　D. To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems

　　二、段落结构

　　Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph X?

　　常见段落组织结构

　　◆问题解决型

　　◆现象解释型

　　◆新老观点对比型

　　In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, …. Another, ….

　　Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?

　　A. The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.

　　B. The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.

　　C. The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.

　　D. The author points out problems with two popular theories.

　　三、作者提到某段的目的

　　解题方法：找段落主旨，即主题句

　　Paragraph 6: Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.

　　Paragraph 7: The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.

　　11. What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?

　　A. To explain why water can flow through rock

　　B. To emphasize the large amount of empty space in all rock

　　C. To point out that a rock cannot be both porous and permeable

　　D. To distinguish between two related properties of rock